The septal nasal cartilage, extends from the nasal bones in the midline, to the bony part of the septum in the midline, posteriorly. There is a narrow strip of cartilage called the vomeronasal cartilage that lies between the vomer and the septal cartilage. The major and minor cartilages are also known as the greater and lesser alar cartilages. The nasal cartilages are the septal, lateral, major alar, and minor alar cartilages. It is also an important cephalometric landmark.
This thin projection of bone holds the cartilaginous center of the nose. The two maxilla bones join at the base of the nose at the lower nasal midline between the nostrils, and at the top of the philtrum to form the anterior nasal spine. The two horizontal plates join at the midline and form the posterior nasal spine that gives attachment to the musculus uvulae in the uvula. The floor of the nose is made up of the incisive bone and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones, and this makes up the hard palate of the roof of the mouth. The bony part is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone at the top, and the vomer bone below. The wall separating the two cavities of the nose, the nasal septum, is made up of bone inside and cartilage closer to the tip of the nose. Below and behind the cribriform plate, sloping down at an angle, is the face of the sphenoid bone. The internal roof of the nasal cavity is composed of the horizontal, perforated cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone through which pass sensory fibres of the olfactory nerve. A left and a right nasal bone join with the nasal part of the frontal bone at either side and these at the side with the small lacrimal bones and the frontal process of each maxilla. The topmost bony part of the nose is formed by the nasal part of the frontal bone, which lies between the brow ridges, and ends in a serrated nasal notch. The bony structure of the nose is provided by the maxilla, frontal bone, and a number of smaller bones. Bones Bones of the nose and septal cartilage Roof of the mouth showing position of palatine bones making up the floor of the nose, and forming the posterior nasal spine for the attachment of the musculus uvulae. The arrangement of the cartilages allows flexibility through muscle control to enable airflow to be modified. There are several muscles that are involved in movements of the nose. The bones and cartilages provide strong protection for the internal structures of the nose.
#All different nose shapes skin
In the skin there are sebaceous glands, and in the mucous membrane there are nasal glands. The nose is also made up of types of soft tissue such as skin, epithelia, mucous membrane, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Several bones and cartilages make up the bony-cartilaginous framework of the nose, and the internal structure. Elective procedures to change a nose shape are a type of cosmetic surgery. These procedures are a type of reconstructive surgery. Defects may be congenital, or result from nasal disorders or from trauma. There are several plastic surgery procedures that can be done on the nose, known as rhinoplasties available to correct various structural defects or to change the shape of the nose. The hollow cavities of the paranasal sinuses act as sound chambers that modify and amplify speech and other vocal sounds. Nasal vowels and nasal consonants are produced in the process of nasalisation. The nose is also involved in the function of speech. The area of olfactory epithelium, in the upper nasal cavity, contains specialised olfactory cells responsible for this function. Sneezing can transmit infections, because aerosols are created in which the droplets can harbour pathogens.Īnother major function of the nose is olfaction, the sense of smell. Sneezing is a reflex to expel unwanted particles from the nose that irritate the mucosal lining. Filtering of the air by nasal hair in the nostrils prevents large particles from entering the lungs. Nasal conchae, shell-like bones in the walls of the cavities, play a major part in this process. The nasal mucosa lining the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses carries out the necessary conditioning of inhaled air by warming and moistening it. The nose has an important function in breathing.
On average, the nose of a male is larger than that of a female. The shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, including the nasal septum which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two. It is also the principal organ in the olfactory system. It bears the nostrils and is the first organ of the respiratory system. The human nose is the most protruding part of the face.
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